Unakoti: A Glimpse into Ancient Buddhist Pilgrimage in Tripura

Introduction

Unakoti, a unique and ancient archaeological site nestled in the hills of Tripura, India, is a place where history and artistry intertwine with breathtaking natural beauty. Located in the Unakoti district of Tripura, this remarkable site is renowned for its massive rock carvings and stone sculptures dedicated to Lord Shiva. Situated amidst lush green hills and valleys, Unakoti offers a tranquil escape, providing a deep dive into ancient religious practices and artistic ingenuity. It’s a relatively short drive from the state capital, Agartala, making it accessible for both day trips and longer stays. What makes Unakoti truly unique is its collection of rock-cut sculptures, believed to date back to the 7th-9th centuries, and the aura of mystery surrounding their origins and purpose.

History and Cultural Heritage

The history of Unakoti is steeped in legend and mystery. The name “Unakoti” itself translates to “one less than a crore,” suggesting the existence of nearly a crore (ten million) rock carvings. Legend has it that when Lord Shiva, on his way to Kashi, along with other gods and goddesses, stopped for the night at this place, he asked all the deities to wake up before sunrise and proceed to Kashi. However, only Shiva himself woke up, leaving the other deities to turn into stone images as a consequence of not waking up before sunrise. The carvings at Unakoti are a testament to this ancient legend, with each sculpture believed to depict a deity or a figure from Hindu mythology. The intricate carvings, depicting Shiva, Parvati, Ganesha, and other gods and goddesses, showcase the artistic brilliance of the time. The carvings, carved out of the hillsides, reflect the influence of both Hindu and possibly Buddhist traditions. The annual Ashokashtami Mela, held here, is a significant cultural event.

Natural Beauty

Unakoti is set amidst a landscape of lush green hills, deep valleys, and dense forests. The undulating terrain is dotted with natural springs and waterfalls, adding to the serene and picturesque environment. The area’s natural beauty offers a tranquil and rejuvenating experience for visitors.

Must-Visit Attractions

The main attractions at Unakoti are, undoubtedly, the numerous rock carvings and sculptures scattered throughout the area.

• The Central Shiva Head: The largest and most iconic of the carvings is the colossal head of Lord Shiva, also known as Unakoti Ishwar. The Shiva head is flanked by two smaller carvings of Goddess Durga.
• Ganesh Figures: Several carvings depicting Lord Ganesha are also present.
• Other Deities: The site is rich with depictions of various other gods and goddesses.
• The Unakoti Hill: Exploring the hill itself, through its natural trails, offers a journey amidst a unique landscape.
• Ashokastami Mela: The annual festival, usually in April, is a grand celebration, drawing visitors from far and wide, showcasing the local culture and providing an immersive experience.

Adventure Activities

While Unakoti itself is not known for extreme adventure activities, the surrounding landscape offers opportunities for:

• Trekking: The hilly terrain offers opportunities for short treks and nature walks, allowing visitors to explore the area.
• Nature walks: Exploring the area on foot, taking in the natural landscape and the views, is one of the best ways to enjoy the environment.
• Photography: Unakoti is a photographer’s paradise, with the opportunity to capture images of the landscape, the carvings, and the atmosphere.

Local Markets and Handicrafts

The nearest town, Kailashahar, offers opportunities to explore local markets and find handicrafts. Visitors can look for:

• Handloom Textiles: Tripura is known for its handloom textiles, with intricate designs and vibrant colors.
• Bamboo Crafts: Bamboo crafts and products such as baskets and home décor items.
• Traditional Attire: Locally made traditional attire, such as the ‘risa’ and ‘rit’.
• Souvenirs: Various souvenirs reflecting the culture and art of the area.

Food and Cuisine

Tripura cuisine is known for its unique flavors, often influenced by Bengali and indigenous influences. The local food scene offers a delightful experience, with options to try:

• Mui Borok: A traditional dish made of fermented fish.
• Berma: A fermented fish dish.
• Local Thalis: Rice-based thalis with various curries including fish, chicken, pork, and vegetables, prepared in a local style.
• Bamboo Shoots: Dishes featuring bamboo shoots, a local specialty.
• Fresh Fruits: Try the local varieties of fresh fruits that are grown in the region.

Flora and Fauna

The Unakoti region is surrounded by lush forests and a rich biodiversity:

• Greenery: The area is dominated by thick vegetation, with evergreen forests and a rich variety of flora.
• Birds: The area is home to various bird species, making it a great spot for birdwatching.
• Limited Fauna: While the area is green, the primary attractions are the carvings.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Unakoti is during the winter months, from October to March. The weather is pleasant during this time, making it ideal for exploring the carvings and the surrounding areas.

• Ashokashtami Mela: The annual fair is a major draw, usually held in April.

How to Reach

• By Air: The nearest airport is Agartala Airport (IXA), which is well-connected to major cities in India. From Agartala, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to Unakoti, a journey of around 178km.
• By Rail: The nearest railway station is Kumarghat Railway Station, which is about 20 km away from Unakoti.
• By Road: Unakoti is accessible by road. Regular bus services and taxis are available from Agartala and Kumarghat. The journey is scenic and provides a good opportunity to experience the countryside.

Accommodation Options

Accommodation options in and around Unakoti include:

• Budget-friendly guesthouses and homestays: Available in Kailashahar.
• Government-run Tourist Lodges: Located near the Unakoti site.
• Mid-range Hotels: Available in Kailashahar and Agartala.

Offbeat Experiences

• Explore nearby villages: Interact with local communities and gain insights into their culture and lifestyle.
• Attend the Ashokashtami Mela: Immerse yourself in the local culture and traditions during the annual fair.
• Visit other historical sites in Tripura: Explore the state’s other attractions like Neermahal, Ujjayanta Palace, and the Tripura Sundari Temple.

Conclusion

Unakoti is more than just a collection of ancient carvings; it’s a place that transcends time, offering a unique blend of art, history, and natural beauty. Its mysterious past, intricate carvings, and serene surroundings make it an unforgettable travel destination. A visit to Unakoti offers a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of Tripura and provides an experience that will leave you mesmerized. Embrace the opportunity to delve into the beauty, culture, and history of this remarkable site, and create memories that will last a lifetime.