Brihadeeswarar Temple: The Golden Temple of Tanjore

Introduction

Tanjore, officially known as Thanjavur, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, renowned as the “Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu” due to its fertile agricultural lands. It’s a city steeped in rich history, art, and culture, famous worldwide for the Brihadeeswarar Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Situated on the fertile Cauvery delta, Tanjore is located at an elevation of approximately 80 meters (260 feet) above sea level. It’s strategically positioned, with easy access to other popular destinations such as Trichy (Tiruchirappalli) and Madurai. What makes Tanjore unique is its preservation of ancient traditions, exemplified by the grand Chola architecture and the vibrant Tanjore paintings, showcasing a deep commitment to artistic excellence that has thrived for centuries.

History and Cultural Heritage

Tanjore’s history is primarily shaped by the Chola dynasty, who made it their capital from the 9th to the 13th century CE. The city flourished under the rule of Rajaraja Chola I, a period of great architectural and artistic advancements. The Brihadeeswarar Temple, constructed during his reign, stands as a testament to the Cholas’ engineering and artistic prowess. The Maratha rulers also left their mark, contributing to the city’s art and cultural landscape, evident in the Tanjore Palace and the Saraswathi Mahal Library. Tanjore has always been a significant center for classical music, dance, and painting. The Tanjore painting style, characterized by its vibrant colors, gold leaf embellishments, and use of gems, is a cherished cultural heritage. The city celebrates numerous festivals, with the Brahadeeswarar Temple’s festivals, such as Maha Shivaratri and the annual temple festival being particularly significant. The Saraswathi Mahal Library, one of the oldest libraries in Asia, houses a remarkable collection of ancient manuscripts and books.

Natural Beauty

The landscape of Tanjore is predominantly characterized by the fertile plains of the Cauvery delta. This region is interspersed with lush paddy fields and the network of canals and rivers that support its agricultural wealth. The main river flowing through the city is the Cauvery, providing essential irrigation and adding to the scenic beauty. There are no significant mountains or large forests in the immediate vicinity of Tanjore. However, the overall verdant landscape provides a tranquil and picturesque environment. While the area is not known for specific viewpoints, the vast expanses of rice fields at various stages of cultivation offer a unique visual experience, especially during sunrise and sunset.

Must-Visit Attractions

The Brihadeeswarar Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the centerpiece of Tanjore. The temple is a magnificent example of Dravidian architecture, built entirely of granite and crowned by a massive monolithic “vimana” (tower). Other significant attractions include:

• Tanjore Palace: This historic palace showcases a mix of architectural styles and houses museums displaying royal artifacts and art.
• Saraswathi Mahal Library: A treasure trove of ancient manuscripts, it’s one of Asia’s oldest libraries.
• Tanjore Art Gallery: Showcases a rich collection of Tanjore paintings and other artifacts.
• Thanjavur Maratha Palace and Fort: Structures demonstrating the influence of Maratha rulers.
• Schwartz Church: A beautiful church built in the 18th century by the Danish missionary Christian Friedrich Schwartz.
• Sivaganga Park: A large, well-maintained park perfect for a relaxing evening.

Adventure Activities

Tanjore is not a major hub for high-adrenaline adventure activities. However, the surrounding areas offer some opportunities for nature-based activities:

• Boating: On the Cauvery river and some local tanks.
• Cycling: Exploring the countryside and surrounding villages on bicycle is a pleasant way to experience the local life and enjoy the serene environment.
• Nature Walks: In and around the Cauvery river banks and near agricultural fields, one can enjoy pleasant nature walks.

Local Markets and Handicrafts

Tanjore is a great place to shop for local handicrafts and souvenirs:

• Tanjore Paintings: Exquisite paintings with gold leaf, gems, and intricate artwork, which are the city’s most renowned specialty.
• Traditional Textiles: Silk sarees and other traditional clothing items are available at local shops and markets.
• Bronze Sculptures: The area produces beautiful bronze sculptures.
• Handmade Jewelry: Markets offer traditional jewelry crafted with local materials.

The local markets and shops are great places to experience the local culture and interact with artisans.

Food and Cuisine

Tanjore’s cuisine reflects the flavors of Tamil Nadu, with an emphasis on rice-based dishes and flavorful curries:

• Traditional Dishes: Sambar, rasam, various types of rice preparations (like Pongal, Biryani), dosa, idli, vada, and appam are commonly available.
• Thali: A complete South Indian meal, with a variety of dishes served on a single platter.
• Seafood: While not a coastal city, fresh seafood is available.
• Street Food: Explore street food options like Murukku, Vada, and delicious sweet dishes.
• Filter Coffee: A must-try local beverage.

Popular restaurants and cafes in the city serve both local and international cuisines.

Flora and Fauna

The region is primarily an agricultural area, with vast expanses of rice paddies forming the dominant landscape. While there aren’t any major national parks or wildlife reserves within Tanjore itself, the environment does support local birdlife, and the Cauvery river is a lifeline for local aquatic species. The area is rich in various types of rice crops and other plants that are cultivated in the region.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Tanjore is during the cooler months, from October to March. The weather during this period is pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). This period avoids the extreme heat of the summer months and the heavy rainfall of the monsoon season. Specific festivals like the temple festival at Brihadeeswarar Temple are major attractions during this time.

How to Reach

• By Air: The nearest airport is Tiruchirappalli International Airport (TRZ), located about 60 km (37 miles) from Tanjore. From the airport, taxis or buses are available to reach Tanjore.
• By Train: Tanjore has a railway station, which is well-connected to major cities across India. Regular train services are available from Chennai, Madurai, Bangalore, and other important cities.
• By Road: Tanjore is connected by major highways and well-maintained roads. It is approximately:
  • 320 km (200 miles) from Chennai.
  • 200 km (125 miles) from Madurai.
  • 55 km (35 miles) from Trichy.

Buses and taxis are readily available for travel within the region and to nearby towns.

Accommodation Options

Tanjore offers a range of accommodation options:

• Luxury Hotels: Several hotels provide comfortable stays with modern amenities.
• Mid-Range Hotels: Many hotels are available, offering good value for money.
• Budget Hotels and Guesthouses: Many affordable options are available for budget travelers.
• Heritage Hotels: Some heritage properties provide a unique experience, allowing guests to immerse themselves in the local culture.

It’s advisable to book accommodation in advance, especially during the peak tourist season.

Offbeat Experiences

• Village Visits: Explore nearby villages to experience the rural lifestyle, interact with locals, and observe traditional farming practices.
• Attend a Cultural Performance: Seek out traditional music or dance performances, especially Tanjore’s unique Bharatanatyam dance styles.
• Photography Tour: Explore and capture the intricate details of Brihadeeswarar Temple and other historical landmarks.
• Explore local temples: Visit other temples and shrines apart from the Brihadeeswarar Temple, such as the temple at Gangaikonda Cholapuram or the temple at Darasuram.

Conclusion

Tanjore is a city where history, art, and culture seamlessly blend, offering an immersive experience for every traveler. Its architectural marvels, vibrant artistic traditions, and delicious cuisine make it a compelling destination. Whether you’re an art enthusiast, history buff, or simply a curious traveler, Tanjore promises a unique and unforgettable journey. Explore the beauty, culture, and history of this remarkable city, and create memories that will last a lifetime. Plan your trip to Tanjore today!