Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya: A Unique Natural Wonder

Introduction

Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya are a testament to human ingenuity and the raw power of nature. These remarkable structures, found primarily in the southern part of Meghalaya, a state nestled in the northeastern corner of India, are not built from wood or steel but from the aerial roots of the Ficus elastica tree, also known as the Indian Rubber Tree. Located in and around Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya, and scattered across the lush, subtropical terrains, these bridges are living, growing marvels, blending seamlessly with the surrounding environment. Their significance lies in their functional beauty, providing essential passage across rivers and gorges for local communities, while simultaneously offering a breathtaking spectacle for visitors. The region boasts an elevation ranging from 1000 to 2000 meters, lending itself to a cool and pleasant climate, and is in close proximity to several popular destinations, including Cherrapunji (Sohra), the wettest place on Earth. They represent a unique intersection of practicality, cultural tradition, and sustainable engineering, making them a must-see for any traveler.

History and Cultural Heritage

The tradition of cultivating Living Root Bridges is deeply rooted in the culture of the Khasi and Jaintia tribes of Meghalaya. The exact origins are shrouded in the mists of time, with no written records. However, oral traditions suggest the practice dates back several centuries, likely stemming from the need for reliable and enduring crossings across the numerous fast-flowing rivers and streams that carve their way through the mountainous terrain. The Khasi people, known for their intimate understanding of the local environment, discovered the remarkable pliability and resilience of the Ficus elastica tree roots. By carefully guiding and manipulating these aerial roots over streams and rivers, they ingeniously created bridges that strengthened over time, becoming more durable with each passing generation. The construction process involves guiding the young, pliable roots across the water using betel nut trunks (used as guides), and stones and sometimes bamboo. The roots eventually take root on the opposite bank, firmly establishing the bridge. Cultural practices surrounding the bridges are significant. The construction and maintenance are often communal efforts, strengthening community bonds. The bridges are treated with reverence, reflecting a deep respect for nature. Religious beliefs might also be tied to certain bridges, considered sacred spaces. The preservation of these bridges is also a part of the heritage.

Natural Beauty

The Living Root Bridges are embedded in a landscape of unparalleled natural beauty. The region is characterized by dense tropical rainforests, cascading waterfalls, deep gorges, and the constant presence of mist that gives the landscape a mystical quality. The bridges themselves are often found in valleys and ravines where the forest canopy creates a filtered sunlight environment. This provides a rich habitat for diverse flora and fauna. The rivers and streams, pristine and fast-flowing, add to the dramatic scenery. Waterfalls, such as the Nohkalikai Falls near Cherrapunji, one of the tallest plunge waterfalls in India, and the Dain-Thlen Falls, are easily accessible, offering spectacular views and photo opportunities. The area around the bridges is often lush with various species of orchids, ferns, and a rich array of plant life. The air is typically fresh and cool, adding to the overall sensory experience of the area.

Must-Visit Attractions

While the Living Root Bridges themselves are the main attraction, several other sites are worth exploring in the surrounding areas.

• Double-Decker Living Root Bridge, Nongriat: This is the most famous and arguably the most impressive bridge, located near the village of Nongriat. It is a physically demanding trek to reach, involving steep descents and ascents, but the reward is an unforgettable experience crossing the bridge.
• Single-Decker Living Root Bridges, Riwai Village: Located close to the Riwai village, these are much easier to access, making them suitable for a wider range of visitors.
• Rainbow Falls: Situated near the Double-Decker bridge in Nongriat, this waterfall offers a refreshing swim and a beautiful natural spectacle. The name comes from the rainbow formed in the mist when sunlight hits the waterfall.
• Mawsmai Caves & Arwah Caves: Located near Cherrapunji, these caves offer fascinating geological formations. The Mawsmai caves are well-lit and easily accessible, while the Arwah caves involve some walking and exploration.
• Nohkalikai Falls: One of the highest plunge waterfalls in India, Nohkalikai Falls is a majestic sight during the monsoon season.
• Dawki River (Umngot River): Located near the border of Bangladesh, the Dawki River, also known as the Umngot River, is famous for its crystal-clear waters. The riverbed is often visible from the surface, providing a stunning visual experience.

Adventure Activities

Meghalaya offers numerous adventure activities for thrill-seekers.

• Trekking: The most popular adventure activity is trekking to the Living Root Bridges. These treks range in difficulty from easy to strenuous, with the trek to the Double-Decker bridge considered challenging.
• Caving: Exploring the numerous caves in the region, such as Mawsmai and Arwah caves, is a unique adventure. Some cave systems require more advanced skills and equipment.
• River Rafting/Boating: On rivers like the Umngot (Dawki) river, you can experience boat rides.
• Zip-lining: Some locations offer zip-lining experiences, providing an aerial view of the beautiful landscape.
• Waterfall Rappelling: Some sites offer the opportunity for waterfall rappelling.

Local Markets and Handicrafts

Local markets and handicrafts are integral parts of the culture.

• Local Markets: In Shillong and other towns, you can find vibrant local markets selling a variety of goods. Iewduh Market (also known as Bara Bazaar) in Shillong is a large market selling everything from local produce and handicrafts to clothing and household items.
• Handicrafts: Meghalaya is known for its exquisite handicrafts, including handwoven textiles, bamboo products, cane furniture, and traditional jewelry.
• Specialties: Keep an eye out for intricately woven shawls, baskets, and other items that reflect the local culture.

Food and Cuisine

Meghalayan cuisine offers a unique culinary experience with distinctive flavors.

• Distinctive Flavors: Meghalayan cuisine is known for its use of fresh ingredients, aromatic spices, and a blend of flavors influenced by the local tribes. Pork, chicken, and fish are commonly used.
• Traditional Dishes: Try the Jadoh (rice cooked with pig’s blood), Dohkhlieh (pork salad), and Pumaloi (steamed rice cake).
• Street Food: Explore local street food stalls and try dishes like momos, chowmein, and local snacks.
• Restaurants and Cafes: Shillong has several restaurants that serve a mix of local and international cuisine. Local cafes often offer delicious coffee and tea, along with snacks.

Flora and Fauna

Meghalaya’s rich biodiversity makes it a haven for nature lovers.

• Flora: The region is home to a wide variety of plant life, including orchids, ferns, and medicinal plants. The tropical rainforests provide a habitat for various tree species.
• Fauna: Meghalaya is home to diverse animal species, including elephants, tigers, leopards, and various species of birds. The state has several national parks and wildlife reserves.
• Wildlife Sanctuaries and Parks: Some of the popular parks are Balpakram National Park and Nokrek National Park which are popular spots for bird-watching, wildlife viewing and experiencing the regions ecosystem.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit the Living Root Bridges is during the dry season, from October to May.

• Dry Season (October to May): The weather is pleasant, with clear skies and comfortable temperatures, making it ideal for trekking and outdoor activities.
• Monsoon Season (June to September): The monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, which can make trekking difficult and the paths slippery and dangerous. However, the waterfalls are at their fullest during this time.

How to Reach

• Nearest Airport: The nearest airport is Umroi Airport (SHL) near Shillong. However, flights are limited. Guwahati’s Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU) is a major airport and offers better connectivity.
• Nearest Railway Station: The nearest railway station is in Guwahati.
• By Road: Shillong is well-connected by road. Buses and taxis are available from Guwahati to Shillong. From Shillong, you can hire a taxi or take a shared jeep to reach the villages near the Living Root Bridges. The journey from Guwahati to Shillong takes approximately 2.5-3 hours.
• Distances:
  • Guwahati to Shillong: Approximately 100 km (2.5-3 hours)
  • Shillong to Cherrapunji: Approximately 53 km (2 hours)
  • Shillong to Riwai Village (near Living Root Bridges): Approximately 77 km (3-4 hours)
  • Shillong to Nongriat (near Double-Decker Living Root Bridge): This involves a trek, so the travel time varies.

Accommodation Options

A range of accommodation options are available in and around Shillong and in the villages close to the bridges.

• Budget Stays: Guesthouses and homestays are available in villages near the bridges, offering a chance to experience local life.
• Mid-Range Hotels: Shillong offers a range of hotels and guesthouses.
• Luxury Resorts: Luxury hotels and resorts are available in Shillong.
• Heritage Properties: Some heritage properties provide unique accommodation experiences.

Offbeat Experiences

Embrace offbeat experiences to fully appreciate the region.

• Village Stays: Stay in a village homestay to experience the local culture and hospitality.
• Interacting with Locals: Engage with the Khasi and Jaintia people, learn about their traditions, and participate in local activities.
• Visiting Nearby Villages: Explore other villages in the area to experience the diverse lifestyles of the communities.
• Nature Walks and Bird-Watching: Explore the trails around the villages and enjoy nature walks and bird-watching.

Conclusion

The Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya are more than just bridges; they are living testaments to human innovation, cultural heritage, and the power of nature. A visit to these unique structures offers a profound experience, connecting you to the local culture, immersing you in stunning natural beauty, and leaving you with lasting memories. From the challenging trek to the Double-Decker Bridge to the easy accessibility of the bridges in Riwai, there is something for every traveler. Combine your visit with exploration of the caves, waterfalls, and cultural sites in the area, and experience the magic of Meghalaya. Explore the trails, connect with the locals, and create memories that you’ll treasure forever. It’s a destination that truly embodies the spirit of sustainable tourism and offers a journey that is as enriching as it is visually stunning. Plan your trip, pack your bags, and prepare to be amazed!