Tawang Monastery - The Largest Buddhist Monastery Outside Tibet

Introduction

Tawang Monastery, officially known as Gaden Namgyal Lhatse, is a significant Buddhist monastery located in the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Perched at an altitude of approximately 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) above sea level, this stunning monastery is one of the largest in India and the second largest in the world. Its location offers breathtaking views of the Himalayan mountain ranges and the Tawang valley. The monastery stands as a vital center for Tibetan Buddhist culture and spirituality, attracting pilgrims, tourists, and scholars from all over the world. Its unique architecture, rich history, and vibrant traditions make it a truly remarkable destination. The monastery’s proximity to Bomdila and Dirang, also popular destinations in Arunachal Pradesh, adds to its appeal.

History and Cultural Heritage

Tawang Monastery boasts a rich history dating back to the 17th century. It was founded in 1680-1681 by Merak Lama Lodre Gyatso, a disciple of the 5th Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso. The monastery is closely associated with the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, and it served as a significant center for religious studies and practices. The name “Tawang” is believed to derive from the local Monpa language, possibly meaning “chosen horse” or “horse head.”

The monastery has witnessed numerous historical events, including periods of Tibetan and British influence. It has also served as a refuge for the Dalai Lama during his exile in 1959. The monastery houses an impressive collection of Buddhist scriptures, including the Kangyur and Tengyur, as well as thangkas (religious paintings), and statues of various deities. The annual Torgya festival, a significant religious event featuring masked dances and rituals to ward off evil spirits, is a highlight of the monastery’s cultural calendar. The monastery also plays a vital role in preserving the Monpa culture and traditions, which include unique art forms, music, and dance.

Natural Beauty

The setting of Tawang Monastery is nothing short of spectacular. The landscape is characterized by rugged, mountainous terrain, lush green valleys, and dense forests. The monastery itself is strategically located on a hilltop, offering panoramic views of the Tawang River and the surrounding snow-capped Himalayan peaks. The region is a haven for nature enthusiasts, with opportunities for trekking, bird-watching, and exploring the natural beauty of the area. The Sela Pass, located nearby, offers stunning views of the mountain passes and is a major attraction. Numerous viewpoints around the monastery provide breathtaking vistas of the valley, especially during sunrise and sunset.

Must-Visit Attractions

• The Main Temple (Dukhang): The heart of the monastery, the main temple houses a magnificent 28-foot-high gilded statue of Buddha. The temple is adorned with intricate murals and tapestries depicting Buddhist stories and deities.
• The Library: The monastery’s library contains a vast collection of Buddhist scriptures, including the Kangyur and Tengyur.
• The Assembly Hall: This hall is used for religious gatherings and rituals.
• The Lama’s Quarters: These are off-limits to the general public, but are an important part of the monastery’s architecture.
• The Tawang War Memorial: A memorial dedicated to the soldiers who lost their lives in the 1962 Sino-Indian War.
• Urgyelling Monastery (Birthplace of the 6th Dalai Lama): Located a few kilometers from Tawang, this monastery is believed to be the birthplace of the 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso.
• Gompas and Monasteries around Tawang: Explore other monasteries nearby such as the Bramadungchung Ani Gompa (nunnery).

Adventure Activities

Tawang offers a range of adventure activities for thrill-seekers:

• Trekking: The region is ideal for trekking, with trails leading to scenic viewpoints, remote villages, and high-altitude passes.
• River Rafting: The Tawang River provides opportunities for river rafting.
• Mountain Biking: Explore the rugged terrain on mountain bikes.
• Camping: Several camping sites around Tawang offer an opportunity to immerse oneself in nature.
• Photography: The stunning landscapes of the region are a photographer’s paradise.
• Bird Watching: The region is home to a variety of bird species.

Local Markets and Handicrafts

The local markets in Tawang are vibrant centers of commerce, offering a glimpse into the region’s culture and lifestyle. Visitors can find a variety of items, including:

• Handwoven Textiles: Traditional Monpa textiles, including shawls, scarves, and carpets, are known for their intricate designs and vibrant colors.
• Handmade Wooden Crafts: Carved wooden masks, prayer wheels, and other artifacts reflect the local craftsmanship.
• Thangkas: Traditional Tibetan Buddhist paintings.
• Woolen Garments: Locally made woolen clothes like jackets, sweaters, and caps.
• Jewelry and Ornaments: Silver jewelry and ornaments with Tibetan designs.
• Prayer Flags: Colorful prayer flags, carrying prayers and blessings that flutter in the wind.

Food and Cuisine

The cuisine of Tawang reflects the influence of Tibetan and Monpa cultures, with a focus on simple yet flavorful dishes:

• Momos: Steamed dumplings filled with vegetables or meat.
• Thukpa: Noodle soup, a staple food in the region.
• Gyaru: A type of stew with meat, vegetables, and often rice.
• Khura: A type of pancake, often eaten with butter and tea.
• Zan: A thick porridge made from barley flour.
• Butter Tea (Suja): A traditional tea made with butter and salt.
• Local Beers and Wines: Try local alcoholic beverages, which are often made from fermented rice or millet.
• Restaurants and Cafes: Some popular restaurants and cafes are located around the market area, serving local and international cuisines.

Flora and Fauna

The Tawang region is rich in biodiversity:

• Flora: The area is home to a variety of alpine and temperate plants, including rhododendrons, orchids, and medicinal herbs.
• Fauna: The forests are home to several species of animals, including snow leopards, red pandas, takins, and various species of birds.
• Wildlife Reserves: Explore the Sela Pass region which has opportunities for spotting wildlife.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Tawang is during the summer months (March to October) when the weather is relatively pleasant and the roads are generally open. The winter months (November to February) are extremely cold, with heavy snowfall, which can lead to road closures.

• Summer (March to May): The weather is mild and the landscape is lush green. This is the ideal time for sightseeing and trekking.
• Monsoon (June to September): The region receives heavy rainfall, which can sometimes lead to landslides and road closures.
• Autumn (October): The weather is clear and the landscapes are colorful. This is another great time to visit.
• Winter (November to February): Expect extremely cold weather and snowfall. Some attractions may be inaccessible.

How to Reach

• By Air: The nearest airport is Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (GAU) in Guwahati, Assam. From there, you can take a helicopter service or hire a taxi to reach Tawang.
• By Train: The nearest railway station is Rangapara North Junction (RNY) in Assam. From there, you can hire a taxi or take a bus to Tawang.
• By Road: Tawang is well-connected by road. You can hire a taxi from Guwahati or Tezpur, which are major cities in Assam. The journey is scenic but can be long.

Accommodation Options

Tawang offers a range of accommodation options to suit different budgets:

• Budget Hotels and Guesthouses: These are located in the town center, offering basic amenities at affordable prices.
• Mid-Range Hotels: These hotels provide comfortable rooms with additional facilities.
• Homestays: Staying in homestays allows you to experience the local culture.
• Luxury Hotels/Resorts: A few luxury hotels/resorts are available for those seeking premium accommodations.

Offbeat Experiences

• Visit Urgyelling Monastery (Birthplace of the 6th Dalai Lama): It’s only a few km from Tawang.
• Explore the Local Villages: Visit the villages surrounding Tawang to interact with the local Monpa people and learn about their way of life.
• Attend the Torgya Festival: If visiting during the festival, experience this unique cultural event.
• Volunteer: Some organizations offer opportunities for volunteering in local schools or community projects.
• Hiking and Nature Walks: Enjoy the scenic nature around Tawang.

Conclusion

Tawang Monastery and the surrounding region is an extraordinary destination, offering a rich blend of cultural heritage, natural beauty, and spiritual significance. Its unique architecture, historical significance, and warm local hospitality make it a place that stays with you long after you leave. Whether you are seeking spiritual solace, adventure, or cultural immersion, Tawang offers an unforgettable experience. Explore the beauty, history, and culture that Tawang has to offer!