Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve: A Haven for Nature Lovers

Introduction

The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve, nestled within the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is a treasure trove of biodiversity and natural beauty. Located at the southernmost tip of the Nicobar archipelago, it represents a vital component of India’s commitment to conservation and sustainable development. The reserve, covering a significant portion of Great Nicobar Island, is a protected area that harbors a rich tapestry of flora, fauna, and unique ecosystems. There are no significant elevations or nearby popular destinations other than other islands within the Nicobar archipelago. What makes Great Nicobar truly unique is its pristine environment, its isolation fostering the evolution of unique species, and its important role in protecting the genetic diversity of the region.

History and Cultural Heritage

The history of Great Nicobar is intertwined with that of the broader Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The islands have seen various influences over the centuries, including indigenous tribal communities, colonial powers, and more recently, the Indian government. The Nicobarese people, one of the indigenous tribes, are the primary inhabitants of the island. Their culture is deeply rooted in traditions, animistic beliefs, and a sustainable way of life that is closely tied to the natural environment. The island’s isolation has helped preserve their unique cultural practices, including traditional dances, handicrafts, and social structures. The tsunami of 2004 significantly impacted the Nicobarese communities and their way of life, but they have shown resilience in rebuilding and maintaining their heritage. There are no significant historical landmarks apart from perhaps remnants of colonial influence.

Natural Beauty

Great Nicobar is a paradise for nature lovers. The landscape is predominantly characterized by lush, evergreen rainforests, pristine coastlines, and mangrove swamps. The island is home to numerous rivers and streams, vital for supporting its diverse ecosystems.

One of the most remarkable viewpoints is probably from the slopes of the island’s interior, offering panoramic views of the rainforest canopy and the surrounding coastline. The Campbell Bay National Park, within the Biosphere Reserve, is a key highlight. The Galathea National Park is also within the biosphere reserve. The dense forests provide a spectacular backdrop for nature walks, bird-watching, and wildlife viewing.

Must-Visit Attractions

The primary attractions are the natural wonders within the Biosphere Reserve.

• Campbell Bay National Park: This park is a biodiversity hotspot, home to a wide array of plant and animal species. It is essential for wildlife safaris and nature trails.
• Galathea National Park: Known for its rich biodiversity, including unique fauna. This park is perfect for nature walks and bird watching.
• Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve: A protected area encompassing both national parks. This is the primary attraction!

Besides the parks, visiting the coastal areas offers opportunities for appreciating the scenic beauty of the island and interacting with the local communities.

Adventure Activities

Adventure activities are somewhat limited due to the protected status of the area. However, some opportunities exist for responsible exploration.

• Nature Walks and Trekking: Within the national parks, there are trails for nature walks and trekking, providing opportunities to observe the flora and fauna of the rainforests.
• Bird-watching: The island is a haven for birdwatchers, with a variety of species.

Local Markets and Handicrafts

Local markets in Great Nicobar, although small, offer a glimpse into the local culture and provide opportunities to purchase handicrafts.

• Handmade Crafts: Local artisans create traditional handicrafts using natural materials like bamboo, wood, and shells. These include intricate carvings, woven items, and decorative objects.

Food and Cuisine

The cuisine of Great Nicobar is influenced by the availability of seafood and locally grown produce.

• Seafood Dishes: Freshly caught fish, crabs, and other seafood are staples in the local diet. Grilled fish, curries, and seafood stews are common.
• Local Produce: The cuisine often incorporates locally grown fruits, vegetables, and spices, resulting in fresh and flavorful dishes.

There may be local eateries or home-stays that offer traditional dishes, but options are limited.

Flora and Fauna

The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve is a biodiversity hotspot.

• Flora: The island is covered in dense, evergreen rainforests, mangroves, and coastal vegetation. Numerous plant species, including orchids, ferns, and towering trees, can be found here.
• Fauna: The fauna is rich and diverse. The area is home to several species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, some of which are endemic. Some of the unique animals include the Nicobar scrubfowl, saltwater crocodiles, giant robber crabs, and various species of monkeys and birds.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Great Nicobar is during the dry season, from November to April. The weather during these months is generally pleasant, with lower humidity and less rainfall, making it suitable for exploring the national parks and enjoying outdoor activities. The monsoon season, from May to October, brings heavy rainfall and high humidity, which may limit access to some areas.

How to Reach

Reaching Great Nicobar requires careful planning due to its remote location.

• Nearest Airport: The nearest airport is located at Campbell Bay, and the only regular option for flying into the island.
• From Port Blair: Flights from Port Blair are the main mode of transport. There are also ship services.
• Within the Island: Local transport options are limited, and it is best to check with your accommodation provider for getting around.

Accommodation Options

Accommodation options in Great Nicobar are limited, but there are facilities available in the main towns.

• Guest Houses and Homestays: Basic guest houses and homestays are likely to be available in Campbell Bay and other populated areas.
• Eco-Friendly Resorts: Eco-friendly resorts or guesthouses might be found near the main attractions.

Offbeat Experiences

Great Nicobar offers a unique opportunity to experience an off-the-beaten-path destination.

• Village Visits: Engage with local communities by visiting their villages and learning about their way of life.
• Nature Immersion: Take nature walks with local guides, observe the flora and fauna of the rainforests, and learn about the island’s ecosystem.

Conclusion

The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve is an extraordinary destination that combines natural beauty, cultural richness, and biodiversity. Visiting this remote island offers a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in an unspoiled environment, experience the local culture, and witness the wonders of nature. It is a journey for those seeking adventure, peace, and a deeper connection with the natural world.