
Cārvāka/Lokāyata – School of Materialism and Empiricism
Attributed to Brihaspati (6th century BCE), Cārvāka was a materialist and skeptical school that rejected supernatural elements, afterlife, karma, and religious rituals. It accepted only direct perception (pratyakṣa) as a valid means of knowledge and advocated hedonism as the purpose of life.




